• Alexander, R.W., Schlant, R.C. and Fuster, V. (eds.) (1998) Hurst's The Heart, Arteries and Veins, 9th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
• Germann, W.J., Stanfield, C.L. (eds.) (2002)_Principles of Human Physiology, Pearson Education, Inc./ Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA
• Guyton AC and Hall JE (eds.) (2000) Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th edition. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA.
• Iaizzo PA (ed.): The Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology and Devices. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2005
• Mohrman, D.E. and Heller, L.J. (eds.) (2003) Cardiovascular Physiology, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
• Tortora, G.J. and Grabowski, S.R. (eds.) (2000) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 9th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY.

The content of this tutorial was adapted from: Iaizzo PA: General features of the cardiovascular system. In: The Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology and Devices. Iaizzo PA, (editor) Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2005